How to Add a Column in ClickHouse

Last updated July 25, 2026 · By the SaturnSQL team

Use ALTER TABLE ... ADD COLUMN, which is a cheap metadata change; existing parts are not rewritten. A DEFAULT expression is computed when the column is missing, while MATERIALIZED is always computed on insert and hidden from SELECT *.

ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN country LowCardinality(String) DEFAULT '';

DEFAULT vs MATERIALIZED

DEFAULT applies when an insert omits the column and when old parts are read. MATERIALIZED columns are derived: clients can never insert them directly and they only appear when selected explicitly.

ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN event_date Date MATERIALIZED toDate(event_time);

Control position

ALTER TABLE events ADD COLUMN referrer String DEFAULT '' AFTER url;

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